Hamlet Essay

Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy formed crafted by William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Both are retribution disasters that incorporate the puzzle of death. Behind the secret, there is a feeling of the dead who shows up before the heroes, Hieronimo and Hamlet, to shout out for retribution. In The Spanish Tragedy and Hamlet, speech assumes a significant job. It is frequently used to communicate the genuine sentiments of the fundamental characters. In the two catastrophes, the heroes use speech to exhibit a focal situation that eases back the principle character’s procedure of retaliation. The quandary is that it is wicked to carry out a homicide, however it is likewise unreasonable to keep the criminal alive. Their speeches demonstrate their longing to end it all to escape from the situation. Another undeniable situation is that self destruction is a transgression too. Therefore, the inquiry is whether to live to fulfill the apparition and be condemned, or to murder oneself and be cursed. Acknowledging retribution as the better decision of the two, both distraught prodigies choose to look for vengeance finally. Monologues additionally show the character’s frenzy. It is their vulnerability, their endeavor to uncover reality, and their psyche constantly looking for reason that drives the justice fighters somewhat of frenzy; in any case, they are not totally crazy. Their frenzy just goes about as a camouflage so they appear to be innocuous. Both Hieronimo and Hamlet are misleading. They remain near the killers as a frantic individual lamenting for the passing of their friends and family, at that point they act to their arrangement when it is least anticipated. The two justice fighters prevail in the vengeance. Obviously, the legends, alongside numerous different characters in the play, kick the bucket toward the end.

Identify components of a typical contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Distinguish parts of a run of the mill contract - Essay Example Agreement law is determined to the guideline which expresses that understandings between people must be held. Actually, it represents keeping up a lot of understandings (Ewan, 2005). So as to take either side of the two gatherings present in this situation, it is important to comprehend a noteworthy component of an agreement as expressed in numerous purviews. The most critical component of an agreement expresses that on the off chance that one gathering sets an offer for a game plan, at that point another gathering needs to acknowledge the understanding. This can be alluded to as a plan of meeting of the brains or wills of assorted sides (Ewan, 2005). The last accord is challenged by the gatherings in question. The champ of the challenge has the last say in the understanding. The noticeable uncertainty is that a law court can't decipher the brains of the gatherings in question. This prompts the agreement being decided without inclination, with just constrained space for scrutinizing the contract’s aim. There should be affirmation that the gatherings had both, from a goal see, occupied with a lead that clarified their understanding. The affirmation should prompt an agreement being made if the sides have shown up at such a state. A target see implies that it is just fundamental that an individual gives the feeling of tolerating or offering legally binding conditions. This condition ought to be taking into account a reasonable person, who actually hopes to make a neat agreement (Barnett, 2003). Jud Wheeler purchased the 10 section of land real estate parcel from Krause Company at a concurred value that the two gatherings settled. The Krause Company later went to the understanding that it had sold its property at a low worth which it believed that the purchaser, Jud Wheeler, had lured them to sell. The understandings of the two gatherings go with the component of an agreement that states on the off chance that one gathering sets an offer for a game plan, at that point the other party needs to acknowledge the understanding. Jud Wheeler came up

Custom Essays For Sale

Custom Essays For SaleCustom essays for sale are an important part of being able to get good money. There are many different websites that will have a variety of different essays available. There are lots of companies that will make a profit from these people selling their essays.Writing is something that is very important to learn. This skill is used in just about every field. Having a blog can be used for essays for sale.Writing is important in marketing and advertising. For selling essays, they can help to gain a following. You can sell them for any number of things. You can use them to promote your own business or you can sell them for other people.Writing can be used to write letters and packages. It can also be used to write letters to the general public. The best part about writing is that you can write what you want to write.When it comes to selling your writing, there is a great chance of getting an interesting offer. When you decide to sell essays for sale, there is a great chance that the person will give you a low price. However, this does not mean that they are giving you a low price because they are low on stock. If you have a solid offer that is good enough, they may be willing to accept your offer.When it comes to selling your custom essays for sale, there is a great chance that they will want to make sure that you are a professional. This means that they will want to ensure that you know how to write and that you have something to offer them. It is in the best interest of the seller to make sure that you have done the homework.There are plenty of websites that will offer custom essays for sale. Many of them offer good deals. You do not want to choose a website that is going to give you a low price; you need to make sure that you are getting a fair price.Essays for sale websites do not always have to have an essay as part of the package. You should be able to write a topic and then get it professionally written up. When it comes to selling your custom essays for sale, there is a lot of competition in this field.

Climate Change And Its Effects On The Future Climatic Changes

Luedeling et al. (2009) Method: Climate Analogue; to project the future climatic changes, the following inputs were used; Time period: used the current and historic temperature data of 1979 and 2008 and three sets of synthetic 100 year weather record representing climatic conditions likely to occur within the next 30 years (Historical, Present and future time period) Emission scenario: there is no mention of emission scenarios in the paper Variables: day length (Radiation period), daily Minimum and daily Maximum temperature. Model used: LAR-WG stochastic weather generator. Season: Annual ( days, months and seasons) Display discharges: Changes applied to observational data with means annual temperature range of 25 to 30 °c Region: High mountain Oasis regions of Al Jabal al Akhadar in the Sultanate of Oman 1. No future information on climate change is required. 2. Presents a wide spread use for simulation of present climate 3. It exposes a multifaceted sectoral impact or vulnerability of the past extreme events like droughts and floods 4. It reproduces a large ensemble for uncertainty analysis or long simulation for extreme weather 5. Tools used are readily available and easy to apply. 6. The projections were compared to the IPCC projections 1. It needs high quality observational data for use in modelling. 2. Limited use of emission scenarios. 3. Arbitrarily adjustments of parameters for future climate, as it simply produces time series of artificial weather statisticsShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts Of Climate Change1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe impacts of climate change In the twenty-first century, climate change has proved to be a major disaster affecting every country across the world. The adverse effects of the climatic change will continue to influence the next generation if adequate measures are not implemented (George 86). Climate change is a controversial topic. Scientific evidence shows clearly that future generation is at risk though the government and the public responses to this threat are moderately weak. Several corporationsRead MoreEssay On Wheat Production952 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to achieve are tenable but climate change portends a stumbling block. Climate and crop yield relationship is indispensable to understanding the possible impact of future climate and the adaptation techniques to be adopted. In addition, evaluating the impacts of historic climatic trends on crop yield and production, assist in forecasting the possible impacts of future climatic trends, review the ongoing efforts of adaptation and assess the resulting cha nges that could emerge in production (LobellRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesClimatic changes have been a major concern in the recent researches. The changes have negatively affected the production across the world and also the human lives are at stake. There are so many occurrences of unpredicted climatic effects such as the drought occurrences and the tides which affects the people. The unpredicted climatic changes have been as a result of the many factors. One of the most controversial things is that climatic changes have been caused by the social factors, which governmentRead MoreSolutions to Global Warming Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesClimatic warming, or what some call global warming, began thousands of years ago. This climatic warming occurs because of natural climate cycles that the earth has to go through in order to have a stable climate condition. Global heating and global cooling are nothing new today. There were Ice Ages whe n most of the world was covered in glaciers and hot steamy times that allowed animals that now live in the tropics to live in almost any continent known today. A major change in climatic warming beganRead MoreEssay about Climatic Change And Its Effect On Society861 Words   |  4 Pages Climatic Change and Its Effect on Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There has been a significant climatic change that has taken place throughout the years on Earth. These changes have effected society in more than one way. However, there is nothing society can do about the long term influences of climatic changes. Society has tended to address the short term effects of climatic changes that influence the global temperatures within the life span of present generations. The following will showRead MoreEssay On Crop Simulation778 Words   |  4 Pages The crop simulation models are the effective tools for understanding climate change effects on crop agricultural system (Li et al. 2015; Masutomi et al. 2009). These models have been employed to highlight the climate change impact on crop production and the vulnerability of agro-ecosystem. Several studies have used crop modeling to develop potential strategies to adapt to climate change in the different regions of the world in recent time (Xu et al. 2015; Shrestha et al. 2016; Banerjee et al. 2016;Read MoreThe Causes for Climatic Changes 1121 Words   |  4 PagesClimate can be defined as the weather conditions that are prevailing in a particular region or place. There is a constant change in climatic conditions throughout the year, we see new plants springing up and call it Spring, when we see the sun shining bright and emitting heat we call it Summer, when we see the trees shedd ing leaves we consider it to be the mark of Autumn and when the weather gets really cold it marks the beginning of Winter. This change is climate is caused due to various naturalRead MoreFinancial Aspect Of Climate Risk Management1040 Words   |  5 PagesAspect of Climate Risk Management Climate change is a lethal and destructive force. In the recent past major climatic events like floods, tsunamis etc. have led to substantial destruction of wealth. Such events have highlighted the need of mechanisms for risk sharing of the losses and restoring the lost human and infrastructural capital. The climate change agreement declared on December 12, 2015 was one of the highlights of the year. It showcased the resolve of various nations in fighting climate changeRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1482 Words   |  6 Pagesas well as people are suffering from its impacts. Climate change has affected the weather patterns and has indeed disrupted the variability and trends that exist in climate. This has resulted into an increase in climate-related extremes such as heavy downpour, floods, surges, and droughts. However, it has been seen that indeed most of the affected nations are the ones that have not even contributed immensely to pollution of the globe. Climate change prese nts an environmental challenge, economic challengeRead MoreClimate Change Should Be A Priority For All The Government1531 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to the topic of Climate change, most of us will agree that the Republicans need to concentrate on climate change and give it top most priority since climate change is indeed one of the leading concerns in world economics and politics today. Whereas most Republicans are convinced that the issue of climate change should be a priority for all the government in the USA, there are still a few Republican presidential candidates that maintain that the issue of climate change requires international

Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 1181 Words

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. became a civil rights activist shortly after attaining his doctorate in theology from Boston University. He later went on to deliver one of the finest speeches in United States history on August 28, 1963 entitled â€Å"I Have a Dream.† Over 200,000 people arrived to hear King deliver this speech. King uses a number of rhetorical devices to accentuate his point such as metaphors, antitheses, as well as anaphora’s. In addressing the nation Dr. Martin Luther King Jr effectively uses the appeals of Ethos, Pathos and Logos to convince the audience to take action in demanding racial justice for African-Americans; His vision was that of a nation uniting as one to defend the rights of every ethnicity under the constitution.†¦show more content†¦When referring to the constitution he identifies it as a â€Å"Promissory Note† signifying a promise between the citizens and America. America has kept its promise to everyone except those of co lor. King was president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He was a husband as well as a father to his four children. To build his ethos King explains his peaceful protesting tactics and how he didn’t want any demonstrations to end in violence. Further building his ethos King makes it known that he is not a racist that is against all white people. His platform is to bring about the rights of African-Americans that had been taken from them. People of colored skin had been denied the right to vote as well as the right to attend certain schools. They were expected to eat at certain places and they had to use separate water fountains. The use of anaphoras are very common throughout his speech. His use of anaphora’s put emphasis on exactly what King is stressing. He is expressing the importance of equality amongst all of the human race. Moreover, one example of this is within the opening part of his speech he says â€Å"But One hundred years later we must fac e the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains ofShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three rhetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experiencing segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountains, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to support his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of America’s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authorityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1061 Words   |  5 Pagesleader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is widely known for his speech that took place on 28 August 1963, â€Å"I Have a Dream.† This speech aimed toward the entire nation. King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice and for them all to stand up together for their rights. In this speech, King uses emotional and logical appeal to gain the audiences support. He applied many rhetorical devices to his speech to connect with the audience’s emotions, and to logicallyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech900 Words   |  4 PagesThe speaker of this essay that I will be writing about is Martin Luther King Jr. He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia at his family house. He was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Ri ghts Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great American, worked for civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. He became so popular and well liked that he was hated just as intensely by those who disagreed with theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership throughout the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech768 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Lim CU English 9/29/17 P:2 Using a variety of rhetorical devices, Martin Luther King Jr’s purpose of his â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† takes a huge step for black americans by voicing the opinions of the people in a civil, non violent manner. He’s a role model for future activists to present the point clearly without hostility or anger, but with a firm tone and many of rhetorical devices. Dr. King gives the speech to help his cause of nonviolent activism against segregation and in favor of civilRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United States, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and orally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1018 Words   |  5 PagesI Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Cruelty, inequality, death, sorrow, misery. All words to be associated with the hardships Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. passionately describes in his I Have A Dream speech. King, an activist and civil rights leader gave an empowering speech on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Millions of hearts were touched and inspired to fight for their rights(â€Å"American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King Jr.†). This speech is aimed towards every race in a different specific

Racism Some Call It A Disease - 1153 Words

Racism Some call it a â€Å"disease†, some consider it a way of life, and others want it to be gone. Racism has been around for centuries as a sensitive controversial topic among Americans. Racism comes from way back when before I was born and it shocks me that it s still a popular subject in this day an age. It has been brought to the countries attention and has gotten better, but hasn’t vanished and still remains. Everyone views racism differently and have different reasons to why racism may be present in their lives. Maybe they were brought up that way and know no different, maybe due to religion, or they simply are just racist for whatever the reason may be. Racism is a broad topic in itself that brings many issues along with it. Does the†¦show more content†¦Therefore labeling an entire race â€Å"powerless†, devalues their morals and spiritual agency. If we look at racism based only on political power, God is then put out of perspective. Secular si tuations have its own view on racism and the Bible has another. Racism in the workplace is still present in America today raising issues. â€Å"It has been shown that in the United States the race is taken unto effect about 10 percent of the time someone applies for a job†(Racism in the World 2014). Some may go ahead and say racism in a workplace environment could be beneficial due to the requirements of some jobs that require a certain amount of each minority. Racism in a workplace has been an issue since the beginning of segregation in the 1960s. On the other side of the racism in a workplace some argue it causes a cut out of their pay depending on race, or even being passed up of the job opportunity. This is a problem in America because it leads to less qualified people being hired because of their color. â€Å"And there are many different law firms and organizations that are focusing on getting equal with those who do discriminate people for jobs, and also to create a ec onomy and workplace with total equality for everyone†(Racism in the World 2014). Racism is also still causing controversy in the college admittance system today. Some are for it and some are against the idea. Supporters of the idea say it will help evolve colleges to a more diverse environment providing an

Immunology Infection Control in Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Immunology for Infection Control in Healthcare. Answer: Fever refers to a temporal rise in ones body temperature above the normal 37 degrees Celsius, usually as a sign of an illness and/or infection. Peters fever developed after the immune system detected the presence of harmful foreign microbes that needed to be destroyed. In response, the liver generated sufficient heat in the body according to Lehne, Moore, Crosby, Hamilton (2013), that could destroy the microbes and at the same time activate the bodys protective cells such as the CD8+ T Cells and the neutrophils to fight the microbes. Fever has two major benefits discussed below; a. First, the increase in body temperature usually beyond 37.9 degrees Celsius leads to the death of bacterial microbes within the body (Lehne et al, 2013). On the other hand, an increase of this temperature to 38.8 degrees from the normal 37.0 degrees Celsisus will render the viruses in the body to be unable to undergo replication and are immobilized thus preventing them from spreading to other parts of the body. b. Secondly, fever activate lymphocytes to fight viruses, bacteria among other pathogens that have entered the body through various routes of entry such as inhalation, ingestion, among others. For instance, the high body temperature resulting from a fever triggers CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells of the immune system which helps in the destruction of cancer-causing cells and the virus-infected cells (Craft et al 2015). Research shows that CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell numbers increase with an increase in temperature of an individual. Body temperature increase as a result of fever also enables the activation of neutrophils whose role is to target and destroy bacterial cells that are infectious. Thus, according to Lehne et al, 2013), hyperthermia triggers the activities of lymphocytes and more so the CD8+ cytotoxic T Cells which destroy both tumour and virus-infected cells. The enzymatic activities and the high temperatures makes the pathogens unable to survive and therefore die off. Once the Influenza virus reaches the respiratory tract it leads to inflammation tracheal superficial epithelium necrosis and even on the bronchial mucosa (Boland Santall, 2011). Usually it predisposes the body to secondary bacterial invasion. Among the most dreaded bacterial infection include pneumonia. The body can be able to develop immunity to the Influenza virus but there is need to prevent the bacterial infection. Therefore, Peter was given phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days as prophylaxis with an intention of preventing the development of any bacterial load, suspected to have been part of the infection (Bullock Maria, 2014). Through this prophylaxis, Peter will not be infected and/or suffer from bacterial infections including pneumonia. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is useful in the treatment of mild and moderate gram positive bacterial infections. Administered orally, Phenoxymethylpenicillin can be useful for prophylaxis to protect a patient from other susceptible organisms (Lee Bishop, 2016). The drug destroys the inter-peptide links of the peptidoglycan molecule within the cell wall of the gram positive bacteria. Cell walls that have the cross-links of the peptidoglycan weak and vulnerable to collapsing disintegrate particularly when the infectious bacteria try to divide. Human cells are eukaryotic and thus have no cell wall making Phenoxymethylpenicillctive very safe for humans as the cells cannot be damaged. Some of the gram positive bacteria treated by this drug include Streptococcus pneumonia and viridans among others. Antibiotics cannot be effective in treating a viral infection because they have no target on any viruses. Viruses replicate very fast and can only be targeted by anti-viral medication and/or vaccinations (Lee Bishop, 2016). Unlike in bacterial infections where antibiotics target to destroy the cell wall of the pathogens and/or interfere with cellular DNA repair for instance, viruses have no cell wall and their replication mechanism make it impossible for antibiotics to destroy them. The first mode of transmission that must have led to Peters flu infection is through inhaling influenza contaminated air from an infected person (Craft, 2016). This must have been through talking with an infected individual within 6 feet, who spread the viral droplets to him. Secondly, Peter might have acquired the virus from by touching deposited cough/sneeze nuclei and/or droplet from an infected person and then without his knowledge rubbed his nose, mouth and eyes with the virus cough nuclei. Usually, cough and sneeze nuclei are left deposited on surfaces. People who have habit of rubbing their nose, eyes and mouth are likely to transmit the virus to themselves (Porth, 2014). These droplets can be deposited on surfaces within a 6-feet distance from a coughing and/or sneezing infected individual. To break the modes of transmission of influenza virus, there is need for those suffering from the flu to use handkerchiefs while coughing and sneezing by partially blocking their mouths and noses (Lee Bishop, 2016). This prevents the splashing and spreading of droplets and nuclei to others. Secondly, people should avoid congested and crowded places as they may most likely inhale the flu nuclei from others. The physiological basis for the first symptoms including fever, running nose, sneezing and lymphadenopathy indicate the bodys initial immune response to pathogenic infections. The fever for instance indicates that the immune system wants to destroy harmful microbes by raising the body temperature (Porth, 2014). The running nose is as a result of the bodys immune response of producing excess mucus that contains protective macrophages that not only deter the movement of microbes but also destroy them. Lymphadenopathy is a result of the lymphatic systems response to infections by providing a platform for macrophage and pathogen interaction in the lymph nodes (Bullock Maria, 2014). Sneezing is an immune response that is partly voluntary and partly involuntary aimed at ejecting pathogens within the upper respiratory tract. The second symptoms include aching joints, tiresome feeling and headaches. Physiologically, aching of joints and feeling tired is as a result on insufficient energy within the body. This means that the bodys energy production has gone down as a result of infection and the energy used up in generating heat to destroy the microbes. As the immune system responds to the infection, the body has to generate sufficient heat to destroy the viruses and probably the bacterial load within it. Thus, much energy is by priority allocated to heat generation, leaving other essential organs with lesser energy (Boland Santall, 2011). Headaches are a result of reduced oxygen supply to the blood as the throat is infected, making Peter the patient, to breath in air in short breaths. The short breaths taken in have insufficient levels of oxygen necessary for the body that now requires more energy. This is the same reason as to why the patient feels tired. The third signs of influenza include swollen and red throat, and a yellow-white exudate on the tonsils. Physiologically, the redness is as a result of increased temperature and pain on the throat resulting from destruction of infectious microbes by the neutrophils and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells (Engelhardt, 2012). Another reason is that once the Influenza virus reaches the respiratory tract it leads to inflammation tracheal superficial epithelium necrosis and even on the bronchial mucosa. This inflammation is the cause of the swelling, heat and pain leading to redness (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). The yellow exudate on the tonsils results also as a by-product of this inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, as the body fights the pathogens, the parts of the immune system within the patient are put to full functionality so as to return the body to its normal state. One of the major differences between viruses and bacteria is that bacteria have all the cell organelles necessary for growth and for multiplication and they that they reproduce by binary fusion. Viruses on the other hand majorly carry information in form of DNA and RNA as a protein/membranous package (Engelhardt, 2012). They therefore have no organelles for reproduction and instead rely on those of the host cell for reproduction. Secondly unlike bacteria which rely on themselves for reproduction, viruses integrate into the DNA and RNA of the host cell to be translated into multiple forms of the same virus. The host cell will then burst, releasing the multiple forms of the virus. Therefore, a virus must have a host cell to reproduce. References Boland, M. (Director), Santall, J. (Presenter), Video Education Australasia, (2011). Infection Control in healthcare (Videorecording). Bendigo Australia: VEA. Bullock, S., Maria, E. (2014), Fundamentals of Pharmacology (7th ed.), Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia Craft, J., Gordon, C., Heuther, S., McCance, K., Brashers, V., Rose, N. (2015) Understanding pathophysiology 2. Chatswood, Australia Elsevier. Lee, G., Bishop, P. (2016). Microbiology and Infection Control for health Professionals (6th Ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Pearson Australia. Lehne, R. A., Moore, L., Crosby, L., Hamilton, D. (2013), Pharmacology for Nursing Care (8th ed.), St Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier. Marieb, E.N., Hoehn, K. (2016), Human Anatomy and Physiology (10th global Edition), Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. Porth, C. M., G. (2014), Pathophysiology Concepts of altered health states (9th ed.), Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Engelhardt, O. (2012). Many ways to make an influenza virus - review of influenza virus reverse genetics methods. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 7(3), 249-256. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00392.x Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA); Influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA); Influenza A virus matrix protein M2 (M2); Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein (PB1-F2). (2009). Science-Business Exchange, 2(18), 6-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scibx.2009.753 Influenza A virus vaccine H1N1/influenza virus vaccine. (2012). Reactions Weekly, NA;(1421), 31. https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214210-00102

History of Easter Bunny in Canada

Free Essays on The Speluncean Explorers

The Speluncean Explorers Legal Realism Judgment This case is about five members of the Speluncean Society (the â€Å"Members†), an organization of amateurs interested in the exploration of caves. One of the members Roger Whetmore (â€Å"Whetmore†) was murdered, and the other four members (the â€Å"Defendants†) were convicted and sentenced to be hanged by the Court of general Instances of the County of Stowfield. One of the key facts in this matter is that the Members went exploring a cave and were entrapped. It was known by rescuers that there was no animal or vegetable matter within the cave, and it was felt that they might meet death by starvation before access to them could be obtained by the rescuers. Another fact is that on the twentieth day, the Members learned that they had a portable wireless machine capable of sending and receiving messages and then sent messages of entrapment to the rescue team outside of the cave. They asked how long a time would be required to release them. The engineers in charge answered that it would be at least ten days even if no new landslides occurred. The Members described their condition and the rations they had taken with them, and asked for a medical opinion whether they would be likely to live without food for ten days longer. The physician said â€Å"that there was little possibility of this†. Another important fact is that it was questioned by Whetmore on behalf of the Members when communication was re-established eight hours later, whether they could survive for ten days longer if they ate one of the Members. The physician said yes. Whetmore than asked the physician if it would be advisable to cast lots to determine who should be eaten. The physician didn't answer. We come to another key factor is that Whetmore asked if any judge, official, minister, or priest was present none of the rescuers said they were. The fact that they asked this particular question shows mens r... Free Essays on The Speluncean Explorers Free Essays on The Speluncean Explorers The Speluncean Explorers Legal Realism Judgment This case is about five members of the Speluncean Society (the â€Å"Members†), an organization of amateurs interested in the exploration of caves. One of the members Roger Whetmore (â€Å"Whetmore†) was murdered, and the other four members (the â€Å"Defendants†) were convicted and sentenced to be hanged by the Court of general Instances of the County of Stowfield. One of the key facts in this matter is that the Members went exploring a cave and were entrapped. It was known by rescuers that there was no animal or vegetable matter within the cave, and it was felt that they might meet death by starvation before access to them could be obtained by the rescuers. Another fact is that on the twentieth day, the Members learned that they had a portable wireless machine capable of sending and receiving messages and then sent messages of entrapment to the rescue team outside of the cave. They asked how long a time would be required to release them. The engineers in charge answered that it would be at least ten days even if no new landslides occurred. The Members described their condition and the rations they had taken with them, and asked for a medical opinion whether they would be likely to live without food for ten days longer. The physician said â€Å"that there was little possibility of this†. Another important fact is that it was questioned by Whetmore on behalf of the Members when communication was re-established eight hours later, whether they could survive for ten days longer if they ate one of the Members. The physician said yes. Whetmore than asked the physician if it would be advisable to cast lots to determine who should be eaten. The physician didn't answer. We come to another key factor is that Whetmore asked if any judge, official, minister, or priest was present none of the rescuers said they were. The fact that they asked this particular question shows mens r...

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Information system - Essay Example The 4.3 billion dollar project (Dodgson & Gann, 2010) went to ruins based on the grounds that failure to predict the overall massive expansion, failure to undertake the risks of the system failure and failure to predict and handle the strategic factors consideration, all these led to the failure in the larger way resulting in the financial losses as well as the credibility and brand name loss to the British Airways Authority. However when the time of its inauguration arrived, there was a total state of confusion, panic and disorder within which gave rise to the suspicion that something had gone wrong. Ranging from the information system to the basic route maps to the basic and elementary parking lots adjustment, all this was missing and people were left to their own guidance and mercy to find out the routes and information. The passengers luggage handling and the cargo fleet services were the worst to say the least. The Information system so incorporated consisted of a Resource Management System that was aimed at working as a centralized database, support and navigation system machine. However it failed to provide the desired results and it suffered from number of short comings in terms of the real time operations and the integration of the different components of the terminal and airport activities(Pryke, 2009, 127). Information systems have become the de facto standards towards development of a more modernized network of operations and system functions .The British Airport Authority that had planned to develop Terminal 5, also had made efforts for the establishment of information system. This information system was established in the form of Resource Management System( R.M.S). the purpose was for keeping the people’s entry intact and other online information resources and repository that would help the customers finding the related information in a timely manner. Unfortunately the Information system

Impressions of Nursing inormatics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Impressions of Nursing inormatics - Coursework Example s era of change and investment in health information technology the nurses must be prepared to face the challenges of leadership and utilize their caring passion to apply the technology and informatics, enhancing the safety and quality of the care they give to families, communities and patients (Johnson et al., 2012). According to American Associations of Colleges in nursing, the nurse informatics must have the knowledge and skills necessary to enable the use of information and technology to manage knowledge, support decision making, mitigate error and to communicate (American Association of Colleges of Nursing Education Consortium, 2012). Nurses rely on information to gain knowledge and in an increasing competitive information arena the nurses must be ready to utilize timely and appropriate information. Nursing informatics is a product of the scientific combination of data in nursing and it consists of ideas from computer science, information science, nursing science and cognitive science (Matney, Brewster, Sward, Cloyes, & Staggers, 2011). Nursing informatics will evolve as more professionals use, access and expand the information, cognitive sciences and compute important to advance nursing science for the good of the professionals and the patients (McGonigle, Kirkwood, Mastrian & Rich, 2014). In conclusion, the nursing professionals need to comprehend the ethical use of information, cognitive sciences and computer to advance nursing practice. Moreover, informatics is an essential aspect in the practice of

Of mice and men Coursework Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Coursework Essay I have been given the following question what does the novel show the reader about the authors view of the American dream? The novel mice and men written by john steinbeck examines two main characters George and Lennie who are travelling together in the hope of a successful dream. In my opinion the book strongly refers to the American dream and portrays how desperate they are for the dream to materialise. The American dream is constructed on the theme that anyone can achieve success so long as they work hard enough. The dream originated when many people immigrated to America. The majority of people leaving the countries were lower class people. The conditions virtually meant that the country would make them lower class for life. When Europeans left for America they were told that everyone would be landowner, they would live like kings and the streets were paved with gold. Everybody would live equally. This was a wonderful dream for the Europeans fleeing from the class system of their home countries. This soon became known as the American dream and had a huge influence on the American society, with hard working and strong willed people. In the book George and Lennie share a dream together, and this dream has several elements that refer to the American dream. George and Lennie believed that if they worked hard enough and ran up a stake they would be in a position to own their own farm. In the very first chapter George describes the dream when he tells lennie we are going to have a little house and a couple of chickens and a couple of acres of land and a cow and some pigs. At this moment lennie would interrupt and shout an live off the fatta the land. An have rabbits. Lennie was most excited and enchanted by the dream, as he would constantly ask George to tell him about rabbits. George tells lennie not to tell anyone about the dream; you almost get the feeling that George thinks that if the dream is shared the dream will be lost. This is shown when George says to lennie Dont tell nobody about it. Jus us three an nobody else. They lible to can us so we cant make no stake. However, because of the special bonding between George and lennie there is an aura about them that says the dream will be successful. This is typified when lennie says that the dream will have an happy ending because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you and that why. This continues to show that they have the belief and desire for the dream to succeed. In the novel candy an old swamper who works on the ranch also has a dream Candys dream is to have security. Security in his job, that he wont be sacked because hes getting too old, or because hes useless because hes only got one hand, this normally wouldnt effect someone now but in the time the book was set Candys chance of getting a job if he was sacked from the ranch would be minute. Because of this insecurity Candy is very scared of Curly and the boss. In the book when Curly first meets George he speaks nicely about the boss and said that at Christmas he gave them whisky. I think he lied to George about the boss in case George told the boss what he had said which would have been true but nasty. When the boss comes into the room Candy quickly makes up an excuse why hes talking to George and Lennie and gets back to work. He did this because he doesnt want to get in any trouble with the boss because the boss might sack him. Then Candy will have no job and will be too old to get another one in addition to this he cant retire and because he doesnt have any family to go to hell probably have to live on the streets. When he accidentally overhears George and lennie discussing the dream Candy wants to go along and be involved to. Now Candy thinks hes going to be leaving the ranch soon to go with George to his dream farm, his attitude towards Curly, the Boss and Curlys wife changes. When Curly starts on Lennie, Candy quickly rushes to his defence. Glove fulla Vaseline, he said disgustedly Referring to the glove Curly wears on his hand to keep soft for his wife. He is not scared of Curly and the boss anymore because if he gets sacked he feels he can just move on to Georges dream farm. With Candys newfound confidence he starts sharing his views and sticking up for other people such as Crooks the black stable buck. Curlys wife is verbally attacking Crooks, telling him how she can get him killed if she wanted too. Candy retaliates by saying, If you was to do that, wed tell Wed tell about you framing Crooks. He sticks up for Crooks, which shows he wasnt racist and that he also had a dream for a better society. This is that when you have worked and are getting old you would have money, a pension, and that everyone is treated equally like him and Crooks. This shows that the book reflects the time its set because Candy would probably have a pension and wouldnt have been able to get sacked without out a just cause in our time. Crooks is an illustration of the way in which loneliness can corrupt and destroy a man. Crooks has a double burden, he is not only a Negro in a society that immediately relegates non-whites to a sub-human status, but also a partial cripple in a society that values human beings simply on their ability to provide a service. Crooks dream is to be treated like a human and be accepted in society. Because hes black hes always been bullied and picked on by most of the others. Candy, George and Lennie are the only ones who dont regard Crooks as sub-human. Candy describes him as a nice fella. He is never allowed to go out with the other people in the ranch and has to stay in his own room in the barn, he hates everyone at the ranch because they treat him badly, he says to Lennie, They play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all stink to me. While talking to Lennie, Crooks reminisces of his childhood. How his father owned a chicken ranch and the white children used to come and he would play with them, and how most of them didnt care about the colour of his skin and that they were nice to him. He recalls Instead of how he slept all alone now, he used to sleep with his two brothers. They was always near me, always there. Used to sleep right in the same room, right in the same bed-all three. He was happy in the past, dignified, because he wasnt alone and he was treated equally and he wants that back. In the whole novel we never hear the name of Curleys wife, she is always referred to as Curleys wife. This makes her sound like she is Curleys property, like Curleys shoes or Curleys horse. Maybe she doesnt deserve one, maybe that if she married Curley she would get a name. This reflects on her dream of equal rights for women. She is a very lonely person; she has no one to talk to except the men on the ranch who dont really listen to her. So to make them listen to her, or pretend to in most cases, she dresses provocatively to get attention. However Candy and others see her as a tart and shes always giving the eye. Even Curly doesnt notice her; he still goes out to the cat houses with the other ranch workers, instead of staying with his wife. She seems to be hurt by this, she says. Think I dont know where they all went?. I know where they all went. Curleys wifes dream is to be a star, when she was young, she was asked to go on a show, but her mother wouldnt let her. Film work was one of the few types of work you could get as a woman, it was every girls dream, but it was often only a scam to take advantage of young women. Curleys wife remembers how a man in the pitchers said he was going to write to her about being in the movies. But she says her mother stole the letter when it came, when really it didnt come at all. When Lennie killed her the writer says. The meanness and.. the ache for attention were all gone from her face. This means that she didnt have to try anymore and life wasnt just one long struggle for recognition. She had been released and was now more beautiful and alive than ever. However, from the moment Curleys wifes neck was broken George realised that Curley will want Lennie lynched and, even worse, that their dream had been shattered by Lennies actions. When George finally caught up with Lennie they discussed the dream one last time before George took Carlsons lugar and shot him. He was dead. To conclude I would say that the author has a very negative view of the American dream. All these dreams failed, George will never get his farm with Lennie, Crooks and Curleys wife will never have equal rights to a white man and Candy will always be in fear of losing his job.

The Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest Essay -- Tempest Shakespeare

The Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the indispensable themes displayed in The Tempest is the duality of nature and society.   This is made apparent through the character of Caliban.   Caliban is a dis-figured fish-like creature that inhabits the island where the play The Tempest, takes place.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the son a witch-hag, and the only native on the island.   In Caliban's first speech, he suggests that Prospero stole the island from him. (Act 1, Scene 1, line 331-342) "This island's mine by Sycorax my mother Which thou tak'st from me.   When thou camest first, Caliban is a servant to Prospero, the right duke of Milan.   Caliban is a monstrous, and ugly creature.   He is often referred to as servant-monster by others characters.   At the start of the play, Caliban curses at the authority of Prospero because his dislikes him.   (Act 1 scene 2 line 321-324) "As wicked dew as e'er my mother brush'd with raven's feather from unwholesome fen Drop on both!   A south-west blow on ye And blister all o'er" Although Caliban has a foolish tongue, he is very knowledgeable on the island.   Prospero recognizes his survival on the island but shows no respect for this.   (Act 1 scene 2 line 366-371) ""Hag-seed, hence! Fetch us in fuel; and be quick, thou'rt best," Caliban shows inconsideration and greed when he attempts to rape Miranda.  Ã‚   Miranda is Prospero's only daughter.   Caliban admits to the accusations of the attempt of rape, and states that he would have populated the island with his offspring.   (Act 1 scene 2, line 349) "O ho, O ho! Would't had been done! Thou didst prevent me; I had people else This isle with Calibans"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is intimat... ... creature.   Caliban is a character that learned to survive, just as every one does through life.   Works Cited and Consulted: Davidson, Frank. "The Tempest: An Interpretation." In The Tempest: A Casebook. Ed. D.J. Palmer. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1968. 225. Kermode, Frank. Introduction. The Tempest. By William Shakespeare. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1958. xlii. Palmer, D. J. (Editor) The Tempest - A Selection of Critical Essays London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1977. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans, et. al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. Stott, Jon et al. The Harbrace Anthology of Literature. Second Ed. Harcourt Brace and Company, 1998. Solomon, Andrew. "A Reading of the Tempest." In Shakespeare's Late Plays. Ed. Richard C. Tobias and Paul G. Zolbrod. Athens: Ohio UP, 1974. 232.   

Marketing Pizza Hut in Nigeria Essay

Executive Summary The fast-food industry has been one of the most successful industries even with the economic meltdown that occurred in 2008; its success is due to the relative low cost of its products and Pizza Hut is an example. Established in the United States in 1958 by two brothers, the company has since grown from being local company to an international company with over 11,000 units in the United States and across the World. The company has branded its image and name for being one the leading pizza making restaurants in the world. Despite its presence internationally the company is still yet to dominate Africa, although, Africa is developing region with a lot environmental risk in certain regions some countries are taking measures to remedy such risks; with outlets in the Northern and Southern Africa the company can expand in other areas. The suitable location will be Nigeria located on the Western side of Africa. Nigeria being the most populated country in Africa is country with abundant resources, oil and gas are the major source of income with agriculture following suit. The country has a wide range different cultural background each exhibiting one’s own way life, but the country is united as one nation with English being the official language. Although, the country is known to be environmentally risky region, the government is adopting a new reform that will benefit the nation and encourage Foreign Direct Investment. For Pizza Hut, franchising its restaurant to such  location will increase its strength and presence in the African region with other countries likely to follow the path. History Pizza Hut was started in the city of Wichita, Kansas in the United States in 1958. It was two brothers â€Å"Dan and Frank Carney† while studying in college in Wichita, Kansas were approached by a family friend with the impression of opening a pizza store. Being inspired with the idea, they borrowed an amount of six hundred dollars from their mother and procured some second hand equipment’s and hired a small building on a busy intersection in their hometown. Thus became the start of the of the greatest pizza name in the world. The company incorporated after a year and its initial franchise began in Topeka. (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2013) Background Overview Pizza Hut is an American chain of restaurants and international franchise that offers various types of Pizza’s along with a variety of side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut began franchising around 1959. Pizza Hut otherwise known as Pizza Hut, Inc., in the corporate world became a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., as of 1997. Yum! Brands, Inc., is considered to be the largest restaurant company around the globe. Our study indicated that Pizza Hut has around 14,357 franchise units around the world today and also is ranked 10th among the top 10 franchises for 2013. (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2013) Purpose The purpose of this report would be to make use of the study and results to prepare a marketing report incorporating Pizza Hut, Inc., in Nigeria, Africa in order to disclose a marketing audit, plan and strategy and also use the appropriate material and subjects related to entering the Nigerian Market. There would however be a portion of concerns and reasons that would involve the company while shifting and familiarizing to the new location. However due to high cost of these fast food brands, many people still cannot afford it. Hence reasonable prices are to be varied in order to compete in these types of challenging markets. Country Overview: NIGERIA Nigeria also known as the ‘Giant of Africa’ is the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria was colonized by the British and got her independence on October 1st 1960. The country is a federal constitutional republic, with 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. There are over 250 ethnics groups in Nigeria, which the majority being Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo. After the country’s independence the country had a civil war that led to the formation of military regime during the 70s till 1999, which saw the beginning of a democratic regime. Culture and Religion With a population of over 160 million people living in Nigeria, projected figures shows that the religious demographic indicate that 50% of the population are Muslims, 40% Christians and 10% practice their indigenous belief (CIA World Fact book). In Nigerian society religion plays a major role in people’s way of life; Islam is of majority in the Northern region, which is dominated by the Hausas while Christianity is in the Southern region. The Yorubas have a more diverse religion and those in the middle-belt practice their own indigenous belief. Throughout the country religion is a means for social mobility, providing means of incorporation into business and political circles as well as educational system (Library of Congress). Politics and Government The Constitution of Nigeria shows that the country is a sovereign state, whose citizens are bounded together by a Federal arrangement. The branches of government is divided into three; the Executive, a Judiciary, and a Legislative. The Executive power is solely for the President who is also the chief of state and head of the government. The Legislative branch consists of the Senate members, and House of Representatives, and the Judiciary consists of the all the legal system both at Federal level and State level. The president appoints members of the Supreme Court subject to confirmation by the Senate. There multiple political parties in Nigeria of which three are very strong, People’s Democratic Party (PDP), All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), and Alliance Congress (AC); the PDP has been ruling the country for over a decade. (Nigeria: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS). Legal System The legal system in Nigeria is a combination of statutory law, English common law, customary law, and in the northern region Islamic law. The Federal and State courts apply the English common law, while the local courts apply customary and Islamic law (Nigeria: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS). Economy Nigeria being an oil-rich nation has been faced with heavy political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor management, but in 2008 started economic reforms. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) = $ 455.5 billion (2012 est.) Compared to the rest of the world = 31 GDP (PPP) 2011 = $ 428.4 billion GDP (Real Growth Rate) = 6.3% (2012) Compared to the world = 41 GDP (Real Growth Rate) 2011 = 7.4% GDP (Per Capita) 2012 = $2,800 Compared to the world 180 GDP (Per Capita) 2011 = $2,700 (CIA World Fact Book) The economy of Nigeria slowed down in 2012 as shown above; the oil sector continues to be the major contribution of the regions revenue with a growth rate of 8% compared to -0.35% in the non-oil sector. Economic activities are mostly denominated by Agriculture, gas and oil sectors in Nigeria. Though the economic reform looks strong there are still challenges the country needs to face. There is a high unemployment that rose from 21% in 2010 to 24% in 2011. Another downside to the economy is the security challenges arising from religious or ethnic conflicts, costs associated with environmental factors, and the slow global economic growth and the sovereign debt crisis in the Euro region. Demographics Population http://www.indexmundi.com/nigeria/age_structure.htmlworld fact book The above population pyramid shows a structure of a countries population, population Is distributed on the horizontal axis, which is divided by male on the left and females on the right. The X-axis indicates population and the Y-axis has distinguished age groups. Economic statistics The economy in Nigeria is a mixed economy with developing market sectors (legal, finance, communication, transport, entertainment). Nigeria is ranked 36th in terms of GDP as of 2013. Due to the resilience witnessed in 2012, the economy of Nigeria is expected to grow rapidly and gain stability. Nigeria GDP growth slowed down from by 7.4 % in 2011 to 6.6% in 2012. In diversity with sectors in Nigeria, agriculture stands the highest contributor, followed by crude oil, natural gas and wholesale products. Economy in Nigeria is the largest in West Africa and top three in Africa. Personal income per capita http://www.tradingeconomics.com/nigeria/gdp†per†capita Personal income per capita has improved over the years and has maintained a stable growth from 2004 – 2012 due to the improved income to the country from crude oil and agriculture. From $726.4 per person in 2004 and a drastic change in 2012 with $1052.3 per person. Gradually with the development and newfound opportunities in Nigeria the income per capita will steadily grow. Foreign investment Before the exporting of oil, agriculture was one of the largest fractions in the countries earnings. A key for direct foreign investments in Nigeria is the oil and gas sector. Other foreign investment opportunities such as telecommunications, electricity, real estate, food and beverage, consumer goods, health care and tourism. Working conditions Working conditions in Nigeria is far from ideal, apart from civil servants and employees of foreign countries, working conditions and wages are acceptable. This may not be the condition of the local people in Nigeria. Protests by the trade union leaders, strikes, income inequalities, late payment, poor wages affect the standard of living in Nigeria. Technological analysis Infrastructure in Nigeria is weak; it is one of the main problems that affect the growth of the country. Unreliable electricity, water resource, road, transport have pulled back the growth of Nigeria in the previous years. In recent developments the country has public– private partnership, investors and international companies moving into these regions for a better prospect and can revive the economy. Market Audit The Product When considering the market audit and competitive market analysis for any business, there are four factors to consider fundamentally. These four factors are product, price, promotion, and placement. Pizza Hut is a fast food restaurant chain that provides the dine-in and take-away services for fast food customers. The other external and internal environmental force such as the cultural, legal and political also has the greater impact on the product availability, its sales, marketing and reputation. The legal forces are unbiased to start a business venture in Africa, specifically the fast food chains such as Pizza Hut. Some social and cultural forces also play an influential role in creating and destroying the opportunities for any business. KFC, Donut King, Dominos, and Italian Pizza are most well renowned names in providing the high quality fast food products in these markets and are using the high standard advertising and promotional strategies thus the competition is challenging. T he understanding of recent advertising, trends, promotions and marketing ways are considered to be necessary when stepping into the Nigerian fast food products market. The Market Market is a place where major process of the business takes place. The economical, political, social, cultural, financial, legal and technological forces are basically some of the factors that play a significant role in creating and destroying the opportunities for any business. If the economy of the country where the product or service would be marketed is stable and unbiased, it is a great opportunity for the businesses. The political and legal stability plays a vital role for starting any business in a country. The social and cultural environmental forces are most significant to consider because they contain people, the real buyers of the products and services. (Glader, 2006, pp. 16). Nigeria’s culture and tradition are slightly different than the other regions of the world i.e. UK and USA. There are several languages are being spoken in Nigeria, but the official language is English. This is one of the best strength of Nigerian culture that welcomes the foreign firms to join the Nigerian market. The legal system of Nigeria is a combination of several laws and principles including Islamic, customary and English laws. There could be some threats for the fast foods businesses because of diverse religions and laws systems. Nigeria has a mixed economy and stands at the 36th position in terms of GDP as of 2013. The agricultural industry of Nigeria significantly supported its economy followed by the natural resources of crude oil, natural gas and wholesale products. The income per capita increased in the period of 2004-2012 (Trading Economic, 2013). The income status of people is acceptable, but not for general Nigerian public. However, the earning people are able to afford the fast food product purchase even in regular intervals. While the poor wages of most of the people, late payments and strikes can often make critical situations in the country. Figure : GDP Per Capita The technological advancement is growing rapidly in Nigeria and it is a most important advantage for MNC’s. The online markets are majorly playing important role in bringing buyers and sellers closer. People now prefer to use online platforms for placing orders and making purchases. Thus the  online promotional strategy and also television and physical ad banners would be helpful for Pizza Hut if implemented. Several other products are also getting rapid fame among people such as MacDonald’s and Italian Pizza. The introduction of several beneficial schemes and promotions such as coupons, gifts, weekend packages and midnight offers would be profitable and would also help Pizza Hut to get rapid repute and vast customer circle. Market size The market size of the host country describes the demand and supply scale of the products. To supply the products in any host country there must be sufficient potential demand. Larger the market size, better the economical growth would be (Wei & Liu, 2001, pp.38). Several international investors and marketers have opened their retail business in Nigerian market such as Shoprite, Artee Industries Ltd, and Internationale Spar Centrale BV in 2012. The rapidly increasing population of Nigeria will generate the strong and ever going demand for international products specifically the fast food products. The increasing rate of urbanization and positive economic outlook of Nigeria will support the MNC’s. (Euro Monitor, 2013). Competitors One of the main competitors and its product prices in Lagos is: Dominos Pizza Domino’s Pizza is a popular pizza joint in Lagos. They offer both dine in and home delivery services. Their motto is to spread happiness around Lagos. Products and Prices Domino’s main offering may be pizza but a wide variety of side orders is also offered by the fast food joint. The price list of their popular products is as follows: Chicken Feast Grilled chicken breast, mushrooms and sweet corn. Medium: â‚ ¦ 2,000 Large: â‚ ¦ 2,900 Hot Pepperoni Feast Extra beef pepperoni, red chillies & extra mozzarella cheese Medium: â‚ ¦ 2,000 Large: â‚ ¦ 2,900 Hot Veggie Onion, green pepper, banana, red chillies & tomatoes Medium: â‚ ¦ 2,000 Large: â‚ ¦ 2,900 BBQ Chicken Grilled chicken breast, Onions & BBQ sauce. Medium: â‚ ¦ 2,300 Large: â‚ ¦ 3,200 BBQ Philly Steak Philly steak, Beef topping, Onions & BBQ sauce Medium: â‚ ¦ 2,300 Large: â‚ ¦ 3,200 Meal Deals and side orders are also offered. The joint also serves Cold Stone Ice cream Promotion and Advertising Domino’s pizza uses different channels of advertisement and promotion. Billboards and hoardings are used to promote special deals and discounts. The fast food joint has a website that houses the menu and also facilitates online order booking. Domino’s prides itself on its ability to make prompt deliveries throughout Lagos. Distribution Domino’s Pizza has six main outlets in Lagos. The bulk of distribution is attributed to home delivery. Apart from these international fast food chains, many local fast food joints are open in Lagos. These include Mario’s Pizza and fast food Sweet Sensation Mama Cass Ghana High These fast food chains offer a wide range of discount deals and competitive prices. Pricing Strategy Pricing is one of the most important aspects of the marketing mix of the product. Product placement and promotion depends on how the product has been priced. In order to set a pricing strategy, pricing objectives must be set. These include: Current profit maximization Current revenue maximization Maximize quantity Maximize profit margin Quality leadership Partial cost recovery Survival Status quo Since Pizza Hut will be introducing its products in Lagos for the first time, its pricing object should be to ‘maximise quantity’ and ultimately become the market leader. In order to attain this status Pizza Hut may employ one of the two pricing strategies: Skim Pricing: whereby the company prices its products high. This offers profit maximisation. By adopting this strategy the company assumes the stance of serving a niche market. Penetration Pricing: whereby products are priced low to maximise quantity and ease into the market. Since, the target market for Pizza hut is price sensitive and highly elastic, the best pricing strategy would be ‘Penetration Pricing’. By pricing the products low at the beginning, Pizza Hut would be able to gain more market share and cater to a greater market. Pricing Methods Several pricing methods may be employed to satisfy the pricing objectives of the company. These methods vary from product to product. Some companies may use different and innovative pricing methods that better satisfy the needs of both the customer and the company. Traditionally used pricing methods include: Cost-plus pricing: based on production cost plus a certain profit margin Target-return pricing: based on a target return-on-investment Value-based pricing: based on value offered relative to competitors Psychological pricing: based on customer’s perception and demand Pizza Hut may employ any one or a combination of the above mentioned pricing methods to accomplish its pricing objectives. Price Discounts The list price is normally discounted for the distribution channel. This may be done in the following ways: Quantity discount Cumulative quantity discount Seasonal Discount Cash discount Trade discount Promotional discount Pizza hut could offer the following price discounts to its customers: Quantity discounts: whereby customers buying in greater quantities could be offered special deals and discounts Promotional discounts: special promotions could be used to boost sales Marketing Plan Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives helps define what a company wants to achieve through it’s marketing activities. Firms from different industries create their marketing objectives by doing a thorough analysis of their firms SWOT analysis in order to identify the key areas of concentration. For Pizza Hut, to define its marketing objectives it has to decide on the entry strategy that it will adopt for Nigeria. Entry Strategy One of the leading markets in Sub-Saharan Africa is Nigeria with a population of above 158 million. However Nigeria having a wide range of ethnic groups is an environment with high risk potential. It would be advisable for Pizza Hut to franchise the company to another company in Nigeria, in order to reduce unforeseen risk. A franchise is an agreement between two parties where the franchisor sells the right to franchise the company to a franchisee. However due to the changes in routines and consumer flavors, preferences are readily growing towards packed and convenient foods. All these matters are assisting the country’s retail food sector to develop. In growing markets like Nigeria, consumers would always prefer to have a cuisine that is more appropriate to the native palate rather than an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"international† cuisine Finding the right partner to sell the rights might be quite daunting but Devyani International Limited an Indian based company with operation in Nigeria might be good partner to sell the franchise to. Devyani International Limited an associate company of RJ-Corp – Largest bottler for Pepsico with currently having about 300 outlets of Pizza Hut, KFC, Costa, Swensen’s, and many more brands in India (Devyani International Limited). The company opened KFC in Nigeria as of 2009 and is currently investing on opening more outlets in the region (Business New Nigeria). Our study showed that an average Nigerian spends around 72.97% of his/her income on food. The table below shows the percentage of total food expenditure in Nigeria as of 2010. IMAP’s Food & Beverage Industry Global Report – 2010 Total Food Expenditure Percentage of Total Expenditure (%) Beverages/Tobacco 2.73 Meat 12.88 Fish 15.22 Diary 5.61 Breads/Cereals 34.08 Fats/Oils 5.15 Fruits/Vegetables 15.44 Other Foods 8.89 Percentage of Total Food Expenditure (%) 72.97 After selecting the entry strategy, establishing the SMART approach for the marketing objective would seem useful. This will however help to ensure the objective are: Specific – explains what needs to be gained. Measurable – objectives should be measurable in terms of performance indicators, percentages, outcomes, and much more. Action-oriented – State which action need to taken and who should take them. Realistic – the resources available should be able to meet the objectives. Time Specific – specify time frame and schedules for achievements or completion. To achieve the SMART approach, Pizza Hut will have to train the management of its franchisee on how to operate and manage the business similar to that of Pizza Hut’s method. Product Adaptation The key for international food chains such as Pizza Hut is to emphasize on adapting and accepting the local palate and then developing innovative foods to win over the native consumers. The term ‘Product Adaptation’ uses the strategy of the follower. That is the new product is based on improvements or modifications of the current product of the company (MBA Skool). To be successful in an international market it necessary for a firm to adapt its product to meet international customers’ or markets needs (Small Biz Connect). For Pizza Hut, it will have to rely on the franchisee to foresee the product adaptation in the region. The franchisee with its extensive knowledge in the market understands consumer preferences, even though Nigeria is country with wide range of cultures but each culture share common trait in its region. Promotion Mix: Promotion is the method used to create awareness about a product or service to customers a firm offers (Small Business Development). Once the business has started the following are means to raise awareness to the public about the company: 1. Advertising – one of the most important forms of passing information to  the general public. It is a form of communication used to convince or persuade potential consumers to choose a company’s product or service over its competitors (Small Business Development). Successful advertising should be planned properly so that the consumer perceives the intended messages. There many types of media options to choose for advertising; choosing which type of media depends on the market a firm is trying target and also on the budget. The types of media include: press advertising, radio, television, direct mail, ambient, and much more. Firms should be careful on selecting the type of media (or mixture) for advertising their product so as not waste resources, a famous quote from John Wanamaker (1838-1922) state â€Å"Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted – the trouble is I do not know which half† (Small Business Development). 2. Sales Promotion – relates to incentives or activities mostly short-term that produces the likelihood of purchase or sale of a product. Sales promotions can be used to target different types of customers, types of promotions include: consumer, business, trade, and Sales force promotions. 3. Public Relation – this is all about building relationship with stakeholders of a company by obtaining favorable publicity, incorporating a strong brand image and name, and providing accurate information to the public. Having a strong relationship with stakeholders can generate positive outcomes for a firm where customers can provide good recommendation to others due their satisfaction with the company (Small Business Development). The franchisee of Pizza Hut should be able to use any of the above-mentioned promotion or use all of them. For the advertising both parties should discuss on the cost for doing the advertisement whether both would share the cost or one party would be responsible. Channels of Distribution Agricultural and livestock products have a high import tariff in Nigeria; the government imposed such high tariffs as part of their economic reform to boost the economy and to support the agricultural sector. Pizza Hut would face high tariffs if it were going to supply the business with its own  produce. The company or the franchisee can partner with any of the intermediaries to provide the company with agricultural products; this in short would save the firm cost it would have to bear due to import tariffs and compensating with high prices of the products to the customers. SWOT Analysis Conclusion Once colonized by the British, Nigeria is known as the â€Å"Giant of Africa† which is one of the most populous countries in Africa. Having a population of over 160 million people and over 250 ethnic groups with each having their own dialects, it is a mixed economy with developing market sectors. Even though a majority of the general population are earning low incomes, the increasing rate of urbanization and positive economic outlook of Nigeria will support the multinational companies. Due to the rapid growth in technology in the country, various sources of promotional strategies can be followed such as online platforms and other beneficial schemes in order to help the business to get a rapid fame and vast customer circle. Hence through continuous marketing plans and strategies, we can extent the label of our fast food joint around the nation and generate happiness among the people. References Entrepreneur Media. 2013. Pizza Hut Inc.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/pizzahutinc/282696-0.html. [Accessed 04 November 13]. Oliver Joy and Tatiana Nassar. 2013. Fast-food giants want pizza the action in Africa. [ONLINE] Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/04/business/fast-food-giants-africa/. [Accessed 06 November 13]. Uche M. Nzeka. 2011. Steady Growth of Nigeriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Retail Food Sector . [ONLINE] Available at: http://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Retail.pdf. [Accessed 12 November 13]. ATKearney. 2013. Winning in Food in Emerging Markets: One Size Does Not Fit All – See more at: http://www.atkearney.pl/consumer-products-retail/ideas-insights/featured-article/-/asset_publisher/KQNW4F0xInID/content/winning-in-food-in-emerging-markets-one-size-does-not-fit-all/10192#sthash.tunoBVJP.dpuf. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.atkearney.pl/consumer-products-retail/ideas-insights/featured-article/-/asset_publisher/KQNW4F0xInID/content/winning-in-food-in-emerging-markets-one-size-does-not-fit-all/10192. [Accessed 22 November 13]. Focus Nigeria. 2008. Nigerian Politics & Government. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.focusnigeria.com/nigerian-politics.htm. [Accessed 24 November 13]. Monga Bay. 2011. Nigeria: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.mongabay.com/reference/new_profiles/320.html. [Accessed 24 November 13]. African Development Bank. 2013. Nigeria Economy Outlook. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/west-africa/nigeria/nigeria-economic-outlook/. [Accessed 24 November 13]. CIA: The World Factbook. 2013. Africa: Nigeria. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html. [Accessed 24 November 13]. MBA Skool. 2008. Product Adaptation. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/marketing-and-strategy-terms/2772-product.html. [Accessed 01 December 13]. Business Building. 2008. Marketing Objectives. [ONLINE] Available at:http://businessbuilding.com.au/certification/unit/88. [Accessed 01 December 13]. Business News Nigeria. 2011. Devyani International Limites. [ONLINE] Available at:http://businessnews.com.ng/. [Accessed 01 December 13]. Small Business Development. 2013. Marketing – Promotion Strategy. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.smallbusiness.wa.gov.au/marketing-promotion-strategy/. [Accessed 01 December 13]. How Stuff Works. 2013. How Franchise Works. [ONLINE] Available at:http://money.howstuffworks.com/franchising1.htm. [Accessed 01 December 13]. Dominos Pizza. 2013. Store Location. [ONLINE] Available at: http://dominospizza.com.ng/store-locations-2/. [Accessed 30 October 13]. NetMBA. 2010. Pricing Strategy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.netmba.com/marketing/pricing/. [Accessed 02 November 13]. EUROMONITOR INTERNATIONAL. 2013. Retailing in Nigeria. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.euromonitor.com/retailing-in-nigeria/report. [Accessed 06 November 13]. Fleisher, Bensoussan, C.S. , B.E. , 2007. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. 1st ed. Philadelphia: ST Press. GRIN. 2005. Market Audit and Analysis. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/51413/market-audit-and-analysis. [Accessed 23 November 13]. GRIN. 1994. 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Evaluation of Correctional Education Essay - 1126 Words

Many correctional education programs focus on prisoner’s way of thinking and ability to make decisions. One of the many reasons criminals keep returning to prison is because they are often times released after many years of being incarcerated and have no assistance while returning to society. Correctional education programs are designed to eliminate such way of thinking so prison re-entry rate will drop. Programs such as Preparing Inmates for Re-Entry through Assistance, Training, and Employment Skills (PIRATES) are developed to reduce offenders’ negative career thoughts and teach essential skills in order to return back to society (Musgrove, Derzis, Shippen, Brigman, 2012). Additionally, such programs are not only beneficial to†¦show more content†¦Similarly, a sociologic based research at the Correction Education Department at McKean educated offenders using self-determination theory. Noting from another research that programs offering general education at i ncarceration facilities may result in tension between the offenders and educators, Danni McKinney, Ph.D. and Michael A. Cotronea educated prisoners by continually modifying courses their participants’ attended. After each session, the scientists asked their students for course evaluations, and handed surveys which analyzed offender’s likeness of the course. While continually modifying three course offering, the scientists noticed an increase of participation and likeness of their course. Their results concluded that student’s level of success in certain courses affect their likeness of the course and theirs educators (2011). Moreover, the studies had also been conducted to evaluate correctional programs’ effects on recidivism. All studies point to one conclusion; offenders who participate in correctional education programs are less likely to return to prison after being released. 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